Grinding Balls, Stainless Steel, 5/32'', Bottle of 5000

5/32 Stainless Steel Grinding Balls
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$652.00
SKU: GBSS 156-5000-01
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OPS Diagnostics 5/32” stainless steel grinding balls are used for the homogenization of a broad array of samples. In plant pathology, the grinding balls have been used to measure Aspergillus biomass in maize(Mideros et al., 2009), map leaf blight resistance in maize (Chung et al., 2010), and Monitoring of Botrytis cinerea infection of grapes (Cadle-Davidson, 2008). In plant breeding, balls were used for the analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci associated with nematode pathogen susceptibility in Soybean (Wilkes et al., 2020), and for NGS of plant immunity Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors in Arabidopsis thaliana (Fan et al., 217). With invasive species, grinding balls were used for the analysis of microbes and invertebrates of Phragmites australis (Kennedy, 2008).

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL

Homogenization of plant samples is best accomplished if the tissue is dry or with buffer. Fresh tissue will often stick to the sides of tube/well and not grind effectively. Grinding balls can be used with deep well plates (round or square), 2 ml disruption tubes, or any plastic vial that will fit in a homogenizer.

  1. Place plant sample in the tube or well. Generally, the mass of sample can be:
    • Deep well plate – 50 mg fresh tissue with buffer, or 150 mg dry tissue with no buffer.
    • 2 ml Disruption tube – 50 mg fresh tissue such as leaf punches, or 150 mg dry tissue for grinding without buffer.
    • 5 ml PC vials or screw cap tubes – 150 mg fresh tissue with buffer or 500 mg dry tissue for dry grinding.
  2. Drop in one grinding ball for deep well plates and disruption tubes. Up to 3 to 5 grinding balls can be used for larger tubes.
  3. If buffer is added, add approximately ¼ volume of the tube, e.g., 500 µl for a 2 ml tube.
  4. Place the plate/tubes in a homogenizer and process for 1-3 minutes.
    • The length of processing will be dependent upon the resilience of the sample and the speed of the homogenizer. Stainless steel grinding balls can be removed from the sample tube using a Magnet Tip or by dragging a magnet up the side of the tube. For deep well plates, the magnet must be inserted into the well. Depending upon the objective, centrifuging the supernatant will yield a relatively clear lysate containing analytes. Alternatively, the pellet will contain insoluble biomass.

REFERENCES

Cadle-Davidson, L. (2008). Monitoring Pathogenesis of Natural Botrytis cinerea Infections in Developing Grape Berries. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 59(4), 387–395.

Chung, C.-L., Jamann, T., Longfellow, J., & Nelson, R. (2010). Characterization and fine-mapping of a resistance locus for northern leaf blight in maize bin 8.06. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 121(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1303-z

Kennedy, E. (2008). Effects of control of the invasive plant, Phragmites australis, on microbes and invertebrates in detritus [Kent State University]. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:kent1216395163

Mideros, S. X., Windham, G. L., Williams, W. P., & Nelson, R. J. (2009). Aspergillus flavus Biomass in Maize Estimated by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Is Strongly Correlated with Aflatoxin Concentration. Plant Disease, 93(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1163

Wilkes, J., Saski, C., Klepadlo, M., Fallen, B., & Agudelo, P. (2020). Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Rotylenchulus reniformis Host Suitability in Soybean. Phytopathology®, 110(9), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-20-0035-R

 

Our 5/32” Stainless Steel Grinding Balls

are used with 96 deep well plates and 2 ml microfuge tubes to bead beat.  Our 5/32” Stainless Steel Grinding Balls are made of 440C stainless steel, allowing them to be retrieved with a magnet, while remaining resistant to corrosion.

 

All of our grinding balls are ready-to-use and have been treated to remove residual oils and contaminants.

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Citations

Fan, L.; Chae, E.; Gust, A. A.; Nürnberger, T. Isolation of Novel MAMP‐like Activities and Identification of Cognate Pattern Recognition Receptors in Arabidopsis Thaliana Using Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS)–Based Mapping. Current Protocols in Plant Biology 2017, 2 (3), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1002/cppb.20056.

Allen, A. M.; Anreiter, I.; Neville, M. C.; Sokolowski, M. B. Feeding-Related Traits Are Affected by Dosage of the Foraging Gene in Drosophila Melanogaster. Genetics 2017, 205 (2), 761–773. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.197939.

Schwasinger‐Schmidt, T. E.; Kachman, S. D.; Harshman, L. G. Evolution of Starvation Resistance in Drosophila Melanogaster: Measurement of Direct and Correlated Responses to Artificial Selection. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2012, 25 (2), 378–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02428.x.

Chung, C.-L.; Jamann, T.; Longfellow, J.; Nelson, R. Characterization and Fine-Mapping of a Resistance Locus for Northern Leaf Blight in Maize Bin 8.06. Theor Appl Genet 2010, 121 (2), 205–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1303-z.

Rodgers, T. W.; Xu, C. C. Y.; Giacalone, J.; Kapheim, K. M.; Saltonstall, K.; Vargas, M.; Yu, D. W.; Somervuo, P.; McMillan, W. O.; Jansen, P. A. Carrion Fly-Derived DNA Metabarcoding Is an Effective Tool for Mammal Surveys: Evidence from a Known Tropical Mammal Community. Molecular Ecology Resources 2017, 17 (6), e133–e145. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12701.

Mideros, S. X.; Windham, G. L.; Williams, W. P.; Nelson, R. J. Aspergillus Flavus Biomass in Maize Estimated by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Is Strongly Correlated with Aflatoxin Concentration. Plant Disease 2009, 93 (11), 1163–1170. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1163.

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